(1.2.1)--1.2TheHistoryofartificialintelli

History of Artificial Intelligence Alan Turing Alan Turing 1912-1954 • mathematician • computer scientist • logician • theoretical biologist Turing Award 2018 Turing Award The father of modern computer. The father of Artificial Intelligence. Turing Test Ifahumancouldnotdistinguishbetween responses from a machine and a human, the machine could be considered intelligent. Origin of Artificial Intelligence First Burst (1957-1974) • Frank Rosenblatt developed the Perceptron (1957) • John McCarthy developed programming language Lisp (1958) • Arthur Samuel coined the term “machine learning”(1959) Frank Rosenblatt John McCarthy Arthur Samuel First Burst (1957-1974) • The first industrial robot, Unimate (1961) • Joseph Weizenbaum developed ELIZA (1965) • Marvin Minsky created a robotic arm (1971) Unimate ELIZArobotic arm AI Winter (1974-1980) • Lack of computational power • Difficulty of problems • Limitation of theory Second Burst (1980-1987) • John Hopfield popularized “deep learning” • Jeffery Hinton invented back-propagation neural network • Edward Feigenbaum introduced expert systems John Hopfield Geoffrey Hinton Edward Feigenbaum Third Burst (1993-now) • Deep Blue defeated Kasparov (1997) • Sepp Hochreiter proposed Long Short-Term Memory (1997) • Geoffrey Hinton put forward the concept of “deep learning“ （2006） Deep BlueLSTMHinton & Deep Learning Third Burst (1993-now) • Feifei Li assembled ImageNet (2006) • Andrew Ng used GPU to processed Large-scale Deep Unsupervised Learning (2009) Fei Fei LiAndrew Ng Third Burst (1993-now) • Watson defeated two Jeopardy!er champions (2011) • Google selfdriving-car (2014) • AlphaGo defeated Lee Sedol (2016) WatsonWaymo AlphaGo